Jumat, 30 Agustus 2013

[M926.Ebook] Ebook Free Forced Federalism: Contemporary Challenges to Indigenous Nationhood (American Indian Law and Policy Series)

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Forced Federalism: Contemporary Challenges to Indigenous Nationhood (American Indian Law and Policy Series)

  • Published on: 1900
  • Binding: Paperback

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Kamis, 29 Agustus 2013

[J542.Ebook] PDF Ebook Families and their Social Worlds (2nd Edition), by Karen T Seccombe

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Families and their Social Worlds (2nd Edition), by Karen T Seccombe

Exploring the private side of family life together with the public, institutional nature of the “the Family” through a sociological lens.

Families and Their Social Worlds shows that many family concerns are actually social issues that need to be addressed through sound�social policies. The author encourages�readers to think about families beyond their own personal experiences, and even beyond family structure in the United States.�Her goal is�to impart a passion for critical thinking as�readers see that families exist within social worlds.��Important policy considerations are imbedded in each chapter�to illustrate what is currently being done, and perhaps even more importantly, what can be done to strengthen families and intimate relationships.

  • Sales Rank: #110838 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Pearson
  • Published on: 2011-01-31
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.90" h x .90" w x 7.90" l, 1.94 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 560 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Sociology of The Family
By Keisha Cox
I found the Families and Their Social Worlds a very good text book, I needed this book for my sociology of the family class and it went into depth of different families and their cultures. I decided to do a review on this book because I like how it just makes everything so clear about different families and how they are so different from each other. I'm going to tell you about the first 8 chapters in this book. In the first chapter it explains the sociological imagination to the study of families, the book is trying to explain that a family can be more than just personal and private relationships but to broader social concerns. In chapter 2 the book discusses marriage, Family, and Kinship. In chapter 3 it discusses how families have changed throughout history, In chapter 4 t gives you broad definitions of sex, gender, and families, I personally enjoyed this chapter because people really don't under the difference between sex and gender, In chapter 5 s tells about Social Stratification, social class and families, In chapter 6 it defines race and ethnicity in families I personally enjoyed this chapter as well because as I stated before most people don't understand the difference between the two, In chapter 7 its tells about Courtship and Intimacy and in chapter 8 it discusses marriage. I recommend this book t everybody rather your still in school or not , I feel as if I didn't take this class I wouldn't have gotten this understanding that I have now because of the book.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
GOOD SERVICE
By T.K. Kaba
The book arrived in 2days and looked like it was brand new. It was much cheaper than buying the book in the bookstore and as i said the book looks brand new. Its in great condition. So if you want to save some money and still get the quality other students are getting from your local book store on campus, you're in luck.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Was not 'like new'
By Dylan
This book was posted as 'like new' however it definitely was not. Pages were torn and full of post it's, he cover is about to fall off, and it looks like it's been through the ringer.
Unfortunately as a student, I have to keep and use it.

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Selasa, 27 Agustus 2013

[B488.Ebook] Download PDF Ten Little Nigger Boys, by Violet M Williams

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Ten Little Nigger Boys, by Violet M Williams

London published Children's Illustrated Book

  • Sales Rank: #13973120 in Books
  • Published on: 1956
  • Binding: Paperback

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0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
AN ABOMINATION!
By Amazon Customer
This book should be removed and burned to hell. Amazon will have to answer to the petitions and boycotts of it.

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Minggu, 25 Agustus 2013

[I507.Ebook] Fee Download Practice Makes Perfect Italian Pronouns And Prepositions, Second Edition

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  • Binding: Paperback

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Sabtu, 24 Agustus 2013

[S846.Ebook] Ebook Sports Training Principles (Nutrition and Fitness), by Frank W. Dick

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  • Sales Rank: #12735994 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: A C Black
  • Published on: 1997-08
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.50" h x 6.25" w x 1.00" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 309 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

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Sabtu, 17 Agustus 2013

[P930.Ebook] Ebook Street Pastors, by Les Isaac

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Pioneered in London in 2003 by Rev Les Isaac, Street Pastors is an inter-denominational church response to urban problems, engaging with people on the streets to care, listen and dialogue. There are now 9,000 trained volunteers in around 250 teams around the United Kingdom. This book brings together the stories of some of the many people whose lives have been touched by this exciting initiative over the last decade... people like James, who tells of the night he met street pastors in a Bedfordshire market town, and local government executives like Sir Steve Bullock, Mayor of Lewisham, who supports the work of Street Pastors in south London. We meet Sam, street pastor in Newcastle and hear his story about the costs and privileges of serving his community, and the solicitor who resolves the legal and policy questions that arise when street pastors are in challenging situations on the streets. From the launch of the initiative in Gibraltar to the after-school patrol of a school pastor in Plymouth, this book provides a panoramic view of the work of Street Pastors. Big visions thrive on small details; this book captures some of the individual stories that make the big vision for Street Pastors real in towns and cities in the UK and beyond.

  • Sales Rank: #3100988 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: David C. Cook
  • Published on: 2009-11-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.10" h x .70" w x 5.50" l, .55 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 224 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

About the Author
�Les Isaac�is the founder of the Street Pastors initiative. Born in Antigua, Les was a Rastafarian involved in London's gang scene before he became a Christian. He went on to work as a church leader for over twenty years, always seeking to engage with the same hard-to-reach communities that he came from. He is the author of�Street Pastors,�Relevant Church�and�Dreadlocks, and the director of Ascension Trust, which administrates and leads the Street Pastors movement.�Rosalind Davies�is a writer and editor who has worked with Les Isaac and Ascension Trust on a variety of publications, and is the co-author with Isaac of�Street Pastors. Working in a freelance capacity since 2007, she helps other people prepare their books for publication as a copy-editor, developmental editor and writing partner.

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Street Pastors, by Les Isaac PDF
Street Pastors, by Les Isaac PDF

Senin, 12 Agustus 2013

[A761.Ebook] Ebook Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes, by Barbara Stolz

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Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes, by Barbara Stolz

Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes, by Barbara Stolz



Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes, by Barbara Stolz

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Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes, by Barbara Stolz

The how and why of criminal justice policy making is frequently overlooked in criminal justice texts. Stolz fills that gap with this reader, which introduces students to the study of criminal justice policy making at the federal level by drawing on the discipline of political science. Each chapter includes

• academic and government publications that acquaint the reader with federal criminal justice policy-making structures and processes

• criminal justice policy-making issues related to each branch of government

• several political science frameworks, used to explain how governmental structures and processes affect criminal justice policy

Stolz begins with an introduction to the background of federal criminal justice policy making. She then moves to the three branches of the federal government involved in the process. In addition, a chapter on non-decision making, where policy makers do not consider certain alternative policies, is included. Each chapter begins with a careful introduction by the editor and concludes with recommendations for further reading, including important electronic resources for further consideration. The selections in this work include academic and government publications and speeches that help to shed light on this important area of criminal justice studies. This unique volume provides the tools for analyzing how criminal justice policy is made.

  • Sales Rank: #381419 in Books
  • Published on: 2001-12-30
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.21" h x .53" w x 6.14" l, .86 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 248 pages

About the Author

BARBARA ANN STOLZ is a political scientist and criminologist who has worked in both academia and government./e She has published numerous articles on the role of symbolic politics, interest groups, subgovernments in determining U.S. criminal justice policies regarding capital punishment, juvenile delinquency, drug control, corrections, and domestic violence. As a Fulbright scholar in Russia, she taught American politics at Yaroslavl State University. Currently, she is a senior analyst engaged in research on criminal justice issues at a federal agency.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
I got it in time for class
By Lilhulks
I needed to purchase this book for a course I had to crash. It came in quick and was in great shape.

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Sabtu, 10 Agustus 2013

[P620.Ebook] Free PDF Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Continuity within Democratic Countries (Transformations in Governance)

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Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Continuity within Democratic Countries (Transformations in Governance)

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Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Continuity within Democratic Countries (Transformations in Governance)

Despite the fact that Latin American countries have transitioned to democracy, many citizens residing in peripheral regions continue to live under undemocratic rule. Democrats and Autocrats studies the existence of subnational undemocratic regimes (SURs) alongside national democratic regimes. Specifically it answers the following questions: Why do SURs continue to exist despite national democratization? Why do some subnational autocrats and SURs prevail despite presidents' strategies to weaken SURs? Why do democratic presidents support some autocrats and SURs, even when they are from the opposition? Under what conditions do democratically elected presidents endorse or combat (opposition and/or copartisan) autocrats and SURs?

Contrary to conventional wisdom, the book argues that there are multiple pathways for SURs reproduction within democratic countries. These pathways, in turn, are determined by a specific combination of intergovernmental interactions, all of which are shaped by institutional and economic national and subnational variables.

The explanation of SUR continuity advanced in this book is tested in contemporary Argentina and Mexico using a multi-method approach. Both quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as cross-national and within-country comparisons are employed to test pathways of SUR continuity in two of Latin America's largest countries.

Transformations in Governance is a major new academic book series from Oxford University Press. It is designed to accommodate the impressive growth of research in comparative politics, international relations, public policy, federalism, environmental and urban studies concerned with the dispersion of authority from central states up to supranational institutions, down to subnational governments, and side-ways to public-private networks. It brings together work that significantly advances our understanding of the organization, causes, and consequences of multilevel and complex governance. The series is selective, containing annually a small number of books of exceptionally high quality by leading and emerging scholars.

The series targets mainly single-authored or co-authored work, but it is pluralistic in terms of disciplinary specialization, research design, method, and geographical scope. Case studies as well as comparative studies, historical as well as contemporary studies, and studies with a national, regional, or international focus are all central to its aims. Authors use qualitative, quantitative, formal modeling, or mixed methods. A trade mark of the books is that they combine scholarly rigour with readable prose and an attractive production style.

The series is edited by Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the VU Amsterdam, and Walter Mattli of the University of Oxford.

  • Sales Rank: #3067404 in Books
  • Published on: 2015-04-12
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 6.30" h x .90" w x 9.30" l, 1.30 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 272 pages

About the Author

Agustina Giraudy is an Assistant Professor at the School of International Service at American University. She is broadly interested in the unfolding of politics beyond the central state, including, subnational undemocratic regimes in democratic countries, subnational judicial institutions, and the territorial reach of the state. Her work has appeared or is forthcoming in the Journal of Politics, the Journal of Politics in Latin America, Studies in Comparative International Development , Latin American Research Review, Journal of Democracy (en Espanol), Revista de Ciencia Politica (Chile), among others. Her dissertation, from which her book originates, received the 2010 Juan Linz Prize for Best Dissertation in the Comparative Study of Democracy awarded by the American Political Science Association.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Theoretical shortcomings
By Michael Buehler
Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic Regime
Continuity within Democratic Countries, by Agustina Giraudy. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2015, 214 pp., $84.95 Hardcover.
Curbing Clientelism in Argentina: Politics, Poverty, and Social Policy, by Rebecca
Weitz-Shapiro. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015, 195 pp., $90.00
Hardcover.
Reviewed by Michael Buehler
Department of Politics and International Studies, School of Oriental and African
Studies, University of London
Research on subnational authoritarianism in democratic countries has gained momentum
over the past decade. Most existing studies aim at explaining why and how local strongmen
managed to survive in some but not other subnational jurisdictions despite a
democratization of politics at the national level. Focusing on subnational variance in
democratization as well as trying to understand regime continuity, existing studies rarely
consider the possibility that subnational authoritarian regimes may continue to exist for
different reasons. Available research also does not say much about what causes may lead to
the breakdown of subnational authoritarian regimes. Two new books address these gaps in
the current literature on subnational authoritarianism.
In Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Continuity
within Democratic Countries, Augustina Giraudy examines the conditions that allow for the
continuity of Subnational Undemocratic Regimes (SURs), which are subnational political
entities in which incumbents prevent opposition candidates from gaining access to state
positions through undemocratic and informal actions, including electoral fraud and voter
intimidation, the restriction of civil and political rights, and frequent changes in the local
electoral and institutional framework. Giraudy argues that there are several ways in which
SURs may continue after countries adopt democratic institutions at the national level. The
interaction between national and local executive governments provides the key to
understanding this variance in SURs continuity. Concretely, in democracies in which
presidents can wield effective power over (co-partisan or opposition) subnational autocrats
and have enough leverage to force the latter to cooperate, presidents have incentives to
strengthen and sustain SURs as such local autocrats are useful allies in elections. This power
constellation results in SURs reproduction from above.

In contrast, there are subnational autocrats whom national presidents cannot co-opt
because they lack the powers to do so. Presidents have an incentive to undermine such
potentially unruly SURs. However, if such local autocrats have the capacity to maintain local
party elite unity and are supported by the local masses, SURs self-reproduction follows as
these autocrats successfully fend off presidential attacks from above. If presidential powers to
co-opt SURs are ineffective and local autocrats are incapable of putting together a solid local
coalition, SURs usually become democratic jurisdictions, Giraudy argues.
Understanding the interaction between national and local players is, therefore, key in
isolating the conditions for SURs survival. To this end, Giraudy examines the powers of
presidents to co-opt local autocrats as well as the power of local autocrats to maintain their
autonomy vis-a`-vis presidents.
A combination of fiscal and institutional powers determines the authority of presidents
over local autocrats. A president’s fiscal powers are high if intergovernmental transfers occur
at the discretion of the national executive government. A president’s fiscal powers are low if
transfers between government layers occur automatically and are based on predefined
formulas. Furthermore, presidents yield high fiscal powers if they can easily change the rules
for the allocation of fiscal resources. Finally, if national tax revenues from which subnational
political units are excluded are large, the president gains additional fiscal power.
A president enjoys commands over strong partisan powers if the party to which the
president belongs is highly institutionalized, enjoys high party discipline due to established
rules and regulations, and has a presence in every subnational jurisdiction. Under such
conditions, co-partisans ruling over undemocratic jurisdictions can be co-opted through the
party apparatus, while local autocrats affiliated with opposition parties can be threatened
through the potential mobilization of subnational party branches belonging to the
president’s party.
However, to fully understand the authority of presidents, the capacity of subnational
autocrats to fend off attacks also needs to be taken into account. Again, a combination of
fiscal and institutional powers determine subnational autocrats’ autonomy vis-a`-vis the
center. With regard to fiscal conditions, the size of local fiscal deficits, levels of indebtedness,
and the possibility to raise taxes at the subnational level define the fiscal autonomy of local
autocrats. If local fiscal deficits and indebtedness are high while possibilities to collect local
revenues are scarce, local autocrats have only weak fiscal powers to resist co-optation from
above. Institutional conditions that determine the degree to which presidents can co-opt
SURs fall into two broad categories, namely patrimonial and non-patrimonial state
structures. Patrimonial state structures exist if the local institutional framework centralizes
power in the hands of the local ruler, blurs the distinction between public and private
interests, generates dependencies that can be exploited for political gain, and facilitate the use
of public resources for private gain. Non-patrimonial local state structures, in contrast, limit
the power of incumbents, protect the autonomy of societal groups when interacting with the
state, and establish clear rules to distinguish public and private goods. Such institutional
differences are important as they determine the capacity of local autocrats to defend
themselves against outside attacks. Patrimonial structures increase the propensity of local
autocrats to neutralize presidential attacks, while non-patrimonial structures make it difficult
for local autocrats to control the boundaries to their jurisdictions and neutralize co-optation
attempts from above. In short, ‘‘a combination of national and subnational variables need to
be present in order for presidents to wield effective power over SURs/ autocrats,’’ so Giraudy
(p. 26).

This combination of national and subnational variables results in subnational autocrats
whom presidents can easily co-opt and others who are relatively more autonomous. Local
autocrats who enjoy comparatively high levels of autonomy vis-a`-vis national presidents pose
a potential threat to national leaders who, therefore, seek to oust them from power.
However, unruly local autocrats who manage to impose party discipline and elicit the
support of the masses will survive national efforts to undermine their rule.
To test her theory, Giraudy examines SURs continuity in Argentina and Mexico and finds
that the combination of fiscal and institutional conditions at the national and subnational
level has led to SURs reproduction from above as well as SURs self-reproduction in both
countries. However, Argentinian presidents enjoy greater fiscal powers than their Mexican
counterparts, while the Peronist Partido Justicialista in Argentina is weakly institutionalized
and party discipline is low. Mexico differs from Argentina as the Partido Accio'n Nacional
presidential party in power during the period examined in the book under review here was
comparatively more institutionalized. Therefore, fiscal conditions at the national and local
levels play more of a role in the continuity of SURs in Argentina, while partisan structures
are comparatively more consequential for SURs durability in Mexico.
The main findings presented in Giraudy’s book, namely that there are different pathways
to SURs continuity both between and within countries and that these pathways are
determined by the capacity of presidents to co-opt local autocrats, challenge existing research
on subnational authoritarianism in several ways.
Giraudy contributes to and expands existing works that place institutions and
intergovernmental relations at the center of their analysis by challenging previous research
that locate the causes for SURs continuity at the subnational level, such as Edward Gibson’s
argument in ‘‘Boundary control’’ which says that local autocrats prevail if they manage to
close the boundary to their authoritarian jurisdiction by preventing opposition forces access
to outside allies and resources.1 Giraudy’s research suggests that SURs continuity is possible
even if local autocrats fail to close boundaries to their jurisdictions because presidents may
lack the powers to take advantage of such openings. There may, therefore, be different
reasons within the same country for why SURs survive, a possibility that previous studies
such as Gibson’s do not consider.
However, Giraudy argument is mainly aimed against scholars who see subnational
authoritarianism as a product of local conditions. Following Edward Gibson’s institutioncentric
theory of subnational authoritarianism, she argues that SURs are decisively nonlocal
in origins and the result of complex processes between different institutional layers. Giraudy
takes issue with claims made in previous research that ‘‘SUR continuity is determined by
geographic location, cultural heritage, and levels of socioeconomic development’’ (p. 11).
SURs are spread across the territories of Argentina and Mexico and are also by no means
confined to destitute areas where patronage structures are endemic. While non-patrimonial
structures make it almost impossible for local autocrats to centralize authority and
subsequently to cordon off their jurisdiction from outside attacks, such SURs continue to
exist if presidents lack the power to co-opt them.
It is with regard to her book’s main critique of scholarship which emphasizes the
importance of conditions intrinsic to authoritarian enclaves for SURs continuity that
Giraudy’s argument is most problematic. While SURs reproduction from above may indeed
be the result of a combination of institutional conditions found at different administrative
layers, it is difficult to see why cases of SURs self-reproduction should not depend on factors
exogenous to institutions.

Giraudy never clearly explains how relatively autonomous local autocrats establish party
cohesion and generate mass support. As Angelo Panebianco (1988, 20) showed, party
internal power dynamics are ‘‘strictly conditioned by the relations that the party establishes
in the genetic phases and after by its interactions with other organizations and societal
institutions.’’ For instance, the class in which a party is rooted may determine party’s
internal dynamics for decades. Working-class parties are more likely to develop strong
vertical structures under the control of a national party leadership than middle-class parties,
Panebianco showed. Consequently, working-class parties not only enjoy higher party
discipline but internal power structures are also often tilted in favor of national party
leaders. The point is that socioeconomic differences between and within countries may shape
power dynamics both between and within parties and therefore eventually the capacity of
relatively autonomous local autocrats to resist attacks from above. Characteristics intrinsic to
localities may also shape the ability of local autocrats to elicit mass support. While SURs
exist in jurisdictions with patrimonial and non-patrimonial structures in both Argentina and
Mexico, patrimonial structures increase the propensity of local autocrats to neutralize
presidential attacks and engage in SUR self-reproduction if presidential powers are weak,
Giraudy argued above. Since socioeconomic characteristics increase the probability that
patrimonial structures exist, the logic conclusion is that external factors must shape local
autocrats capacity of SUR self-reproduction. Finally, Giraudy’s argument that autocrats that
are able to elicit mass support are more likely to neutralize presidential attempts to oust
them from power also contradicts her claim that the roots of SURs continuity have all to do
with institutional context, not with factors intrinsic to localities. ‘‘To elicit political support
from the masses, subnational autocrats must implement policies and programs that are
popular among voters .... It does not matter whether SUR incumbents distribute public
goods programmatically among the local population or whether they dispense clientelistic
handouts. What is relevant is that incumbents in SURs are forced to deliver goods so as to
give citizens a vested interest in the perpetuation of the regime’’ (p. 31). However, ‘‘the
masses’’ are not a homogenous group but consist of different classes with different interests,
which have important consequences for the propensity of local politicians to elicit mass
support as a new book on Argentine local politics by Rebecca Weitz-Shapiro shows.
The starting point of Weitz-Shapiro’s Curbing Clientelism in Argentina: Politics, Poverty,
and Social Policy are, again, variances in undemocratic practices in Argentina’s local politics.
However, unlike Giraudy who is interested in explaining regime continuity, Weitz-Shapiro
wants to understand under what conditions local strongmen embark upon more democratic
forms of politics. Focusing on clientelism, one of many undemocratic practices in Argentine
local politics, she argues that engaging in such practices may not always be beneficial for
politicians. In jurisdictions in which political competition is high and where there is a
sizeable middle class, engaging in clientelism will have ‘‘audience costs’’ that outweigh the
benefits to engage in such practices.
Weitz-Shapiro argues that middle-class voters condemn clientelism because they see it as
an indicator for the poor quality of government service delivery more broadly. Service
delivery motivated by clientelism may not only distort the welfare of this group but
clientelism also usually requires politicians to spend most of their time in personal
interactions with voters rather than spending their time on public policy programs. The
opportunity costs this personalization of politics creates for middle-class voters is the reason
for why they reject clientelism. In addition, middle-class voters may reject clientelism on
moral grounds. Overall, Weitz-Shapiro’s assumption is that middle-class voters have fewer incentives to support clientelism and that they will use elections to punish politicians
engaging in such practices.
The findings presented by Weitz-Shapiro suggest that Schumpeterian views of democracy,
which claim that increasing competition will curb clientelism, are at best incomplete. Intense
competition among electoral candidates alone is insufficient to reduce the individualized
exchange of goods for political support. In fact, if poor voters comprise the majority of the
local electorate, an intensification of political competition may actually increase clientelist
practices. Likewise, the argument put forward by Weitz-Shapiro also challenges modernization
theory’s main claim that the more well to do a nation, the greater the chances it will
sustain a democracy. If politicians are relatively insulated from the electorate due to a lack of
electoral competition, middle-class voters will not be able to exert pressure on politicians to
opt out of clientelism. In short, a growing middle class steers politicians in more democratic
direction only in combination with political competition.
To explain why the reliance on clientelistic practices by politicians varies across
Argentina’s municipalities, Weitz-Shapiro examines the country’s largest Food Security
Policy, the Programa Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria (PNSA), which distributes food
boxes to destitute citizens. Based on an original survey about such practices conducted in
125 municipalities, Weitz-Shapiro finds that citizen–politician engagement varies across
Argentina because ‘‘politicians’ decision about whether to use clientelism reflect the
practices’ relative electoral costs and incumbents’ perceived security in office at a given point
in time’’ (p. 107).
Weitz-Shapiro’s book is an important contribution to the study of subnational politics
because the potential costs clientelism may have for politicians are rarely analyzed. Most
studies on local politics focus on the benefits such practices yield for politicians. More
important, her findings challenge theories which say that institutional characteristics
determine clientelist practices. Argentina’s federal system does not allow for ‘‘substantial
subnational institutional experimentation’’ (p. 15), yet, despite this relative institutional
homogeneity, levels of clientelism vary across the country. Likewise, Weitz-Shapiro also
argues against theories put forward by neoliberal scholars that have linked the prevalence of
clientelism to the size of the state in the (local) economy. Her data do not reveal any link
between control of the local economy by the state and the prevalence of clientelistic
practices. Finally, Weitz-Shapiro also criticizes neo-Tocquevillian perspectives that see
political accountability as a function of ‘‘strong’’ civil society engagement in politics. Based
on her empirical data, the author argues that the presence of strong horizontal links in
society without political competition among politicians is unlikely to lead toward more
accountability.
However, while Weitz-Shapiro shows that electoral support in competitive political
systems depends on social structure and that not all voters have the same incentives to
support local autocrats, thereby exposing the simplistic understanding of ‘‘mass support’’
put forward in Giraudy’s argument on SURs self-reproduction, it would have been
interesting to hear more about what factors determine levels of political competition in
Argentine municipalities. While Weitz-Shapiro goes to great length to show that clientelism
does not influence levels of political competition (but rather, competition in combination
with relatively affluent voters influences clientelism), she does not put forward any argument
as to what determines competition in the first place. Arguably, the competition between
politicians or the absence thereof, has its roots in structural factors including local economic
conditions and the opportunities they present to local elites for accumulating and monopolizing resources.2 Likewise, structural conditions may shape the independence of the
electorate vis-a`-vis politicians and therefore their willingness to punish them at the ballot
box. Most important, Weitz-Shapiro’s main premise, namely that middle-class voters reject
clientelistic practices for moral and economic reasons, sits oddly with existing works that
showed that it is not so much the presence of middle-class voters that matters but their
position vis-a`-vis the government and political elites that determines whether they push for
democracy or not. For instance, Weitz-Shapiro does not discuss Barrington Moore’s classic
Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy that showed how in many countries different
modes of development created middle classes that depend on the state and became
authoritarian deadweights rather than a bulwark for democracy as a consequence.3 Likewise,
socioeconomic development may not only influence the position of middle-class voters visa`-vis
the state but also shape the relationship of less affluent voters to the state. The
‘‘economic autonomy’’ of voters, poor or rich, determines whether politicians have anything
to gain politically from engaging in clientelism and therefore whether they engage in such
practices in the first place, as recent studies have shown.4
Even if one were to disregard such studies that emphasize the importance of structural
factors in creating different electorates and eventually the propensity of different electorates
to shun or engage in clientelistic practices, Weitz-Shapiro’s theory takes the composition of
the local electorate as a given. Numerous studies in recent years have shown, however, that
clientelism in itself shapes the composition of the electorate. The Curley-effect in Boston,
where four-time mayor James Michael Curley actively shaped the electorate in his favor by
channeling resources to poor Irish voters and thereby triggering an exodus of richer citizens
from the city is only the most infamous example.5
Overall, institution-centric theories of local authoritarianism ought to develop a more
sophisticated concept of ‘‘local conditions,’’ especially if they want to rule them out as
explanatory factors. While absolute levels of poverty or ‘‘local cultures’’ (however defined)
may indeed fail to explain the variance in SURs continuity both between and within
countries, class formation and the political dynamics that ensue from it ought to at least
complement institutional approaches to the study of SURs. While studies such as WeitzShapiro’s
book are a step in the right direction, they too could make a better use of the rich
literature on how structural conditions exogenous to local institutions shape local political
machines and the clientelistic practices on which their survival depends.

References
Gibson, Edward. 2012. Boundary control: Subnational authoritarianism in federal democracies.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Glaeser, Edward L., and Andrei Shleifer. 2005. The Curley effect: The economics of shaping
the electorate. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization: 1–19.
Hale, Henry E. 2003. Explaining machine politics in Russia’s regions: Economy, ethnicity,
and legacy. Post-Soviet Affairs 19 (3): 228–263.
McMann, Kelly M. 2006. Economic autonomy and democracy: hybrid regimes in Russia and
Kyrgyzstan. Cambridge University Press.
Panebianco, Angelo. 1988. Political parties: Organization and power. London and New York:
Cambridge University Press.

Rodan, Garry and Caroline Hughes. 2014. The politics of accountability in Southeast Asia: the
dominance of moral ideologies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Notes
1 Gibson’s (2012) book was reviewed by Michael Buehler in Publius (Spring 2014) 44 (2).
2 See, for instance, Hale (2003) on how the ethnic and economic legacies of the Soviet
Union shaped possibilities for machine politics in Russia’s regions after 1991.
3 Weitz-Shapiro mentions Barrington Moore in a single footnote on p. 4 and places him
in the same category with modernization theorists such as Seymour Martin Lipset.
4 McMann (2006).
5 See Glaeser and Shleifer (2005), for an analysis of the Curley effect.

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[W407.Ebook] Download Luck Is No Accident: Making the Most of Happenstance in Your Life and Career, by John Krumboltz PhD, Al Levin EdD

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Luck Is No Accident: Making the Most of Happenstance in Your Life and Career, by John Krumboltz PhD, Al Levin EdD

Unplanned events—chance occurrences—more often determine life and career choices than all the careful planning we do. A chance meeting, a broken appointment, a spontaneous vacation trip, a “fill-in” job, a hobby—these are the kinds of experiences that lead to unexpected life directions and career choices.

Newly revised and updated with fresh examples and current issues for today's challenging times, Luck is No Accident actively encourages readers to create their own unplanned events, to anticipate changing their plans frequently, to take advantage of chance events when they happen, and to make the most of what life offers. The book has a friendly, easy style about it, and is packed with personal stories that really bring the ideas into focus.

  • Sales Rank: #457967 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Impact Publishers, Inc.
  • Published on: 2010-08-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.84" h x .43" w x 6.04" l, .60 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 176 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
“...a practical guide to adapting to (life's) many twists and turns... This book celebrates unpredictability and teaches us to love it and live happily with life's ‘surprises’... that adaptations to the unexpected, the willingness to risk, and the resilience after failure are at the core of every successful career. The many inspiring stories and principles in this book show that our lives are totally unpredictable, yet, paradoxically, within our control, when we take advantage of unforeseen encounters and events.”
—Howard Figler, co-author, The Career Counselor's Handbook,, author, The Complete Job-Search Handbook

“I once wrote that most of my best research ideas came about simply 'because I happened to be at the right place at the right time.' This book points out that more than dumb luck may have been involved; Krumboltz & Levin show how successful people often are adept at putting themselves in the right place at the right time—and then follow through by behaving in ways that take full advantage of that initial good fortune.&rdquot;
—Elliott Aronson, author, The Social Animal and The Jigsaw Classroom

“The student who runs out of money before graduating from college, the mid-career engineer who gets caught in corporate downsizing and the recently divorced single parent are likely to believe that their ‘luck’ has run out. Yet they could be on the edge of a career and life breakthrough if only they can see the value in seemingly random events. Dr. John Krumboltz and Dr. Al S. Levin combine the wisdom of their distinguished work in career development for people like that, who need what's found in Luck Is No Accident.”
—The Master's Advocate, October-November 2009

“...a guide to being prepared for when life throws wrenches at your plans, and how to turn a surprise into a full-fledged opportunity...plenty of tips for meeting (surprises) head on...a very useful read for those who want to be prepared for their big break.”
—The Midwest Book Review, California Bookwatch: November 2010

From the Publisher
LUCK IS NO ACCIDENT Features:
--The first career book to admit that life doesn’t go according to plan.
--The most realistic approach yet to life and career planning — Prepare for the unexpected.
--Packed with personal vignettes, practical advice, exercises, worksheets.
--Written by internationally recognized, pioneering career development professionals.
--Reader-friendly, warm, down-to-earth style.

About the Author
John D. Krumboltz, PhD, Professor of Education and Psychology at Stanford University, is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has received the prestigious Leona Tyler Award in Counseling Psychology (1990) and the Distinguished Professional Contributions to Knowledge Award (2002) from the American Psychological Association, as well as designation as one of only five "Living Legends in Counseling" by the American Counseling Association (2004).

Al S. Levin, EdD, Professor of Counselor Education at California State University, Sacramento, was formerly Assistant Director of Stanford University's Career Development Center, MBA Career Management Center, and Lecturer at Stanford's School of Education. Dr. Levin has authored numerous career development publications, led training workshops, and made presentations at professional conferences throughout the United States.

Most helpful customer reviews

29 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
Off-Roading Your Way to Success
By Cricket in the Corner
This is a book about attaining success through being human, in the freest sense of the word, embracing uncertainties, changes, and mistakes as opportunities. It's about redefining success as a lifelong work in progress rather than a set goal. If you can begin to see your future as Krumboltz and Levin advise, staying open-minded and letting chance occurrences, or happenstances guide you, the potential for learning experiences that improve the direction your life takes becomes a wide-open horizon.
You don't have to decide on the "perfect" job, career, mate, or lifestyle; commit yourself to a long-range plan at an early age; or wallow in misery when the choices you make fail to satisfy. You can and should, the authors insist, go another way -- responding to your life experience, your changing interests and needs, and your ability to react constructively to unexpected circumstances.
This is the book's core concept: You can't control the outcomes of unpredictable situations, but you can take charge of your own thoughts and actions to increase the probability that good will come of them. The essence of creating your own luck is seeing detours as potentially better paths even if they initially involve disappointment.
Making the most of these factors involves a willingness to risk mistakes and rejection, but the authors emphasize that you don't have to take bold leaps when venturing in new directions. Small steps are realistic and effective: Get involved in a new hobby, sport, or interest group. Research areas of interest. Network. Ask for what you want. Keep learning. Shifting your life just a notch can have a ripple effect and a big payoff eventually.
It's tough to stay timid about trying out these ideas when they're backed by inarguably good sense, creative thinking, and inspiring scenarios to boot. The workbook angle of this uplifting book offers thought-provoking questions and exercises to help you examine your aspirations and try out strategies for achieving them. Each success becomes a kind of plateau shaped to suit you right now; staying flexible lets you move on with faith in your own resourcefulness. This is refreshingly modern career advice that lends itself to all other aspects of your life. The only way you can fail to be motivated is if you opt to do nothing.

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Valuable Tool for Any Stage of Life
By Bonnie Neely
Whether you're 21,51,or 81, it's never too late to create a satisfying life for yourself" and this book tells you how in a quick and easy read. The book encourages you to follow your dreams, not to feel stuck in your present situation, to be open to changes and to watch for circumstances and happenstances that are life-changing opportunities. Don't take the attitude of having to decide what you'll do the rest of your life...you'll change and so will your opportunities. Watch for them and mine them. Day dream and learn from yourself what you want to do and where you want to go in life. Don't allow yourself to remain in situations, jobs, or relationships that you don't enjoy. "Put yourself in charge of creating a satisfying life." If you can't say " I love going to work," this book gives you many, many guides to changing that. The author offers numerous ways to make contacts, to try new ideas and situations and people, and to get excited about your life again...by first removing your fear of failure and by recognizing that no one's life goes "according to plan" because circumstances always change and unexpected events occur. Learn to view these as opportunities and they will lead you to a better life than you could have planned, if you learn to stop sabotaging yourself by your expectations or those of others. In the book you will learn how to overcome obstacles and to know that "failure is a normal part of life and learning." The book is a valuable tool for people at any stage of life, and especially for students about to graduate and look for a job in this dismal job market. A perfect gift book.

11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
You can learn to get lucky!
By Anne S. Headley
Those of us familiar with the theory and stories of happenstance have been awaiting this book a long time. Thank you, authors, for making your theory available to anyone in need of inspiration. Thanks, also, for validation of those magic moments that have opened doors for us all at one time or another.

We career counselors encourage our clients and students to minimize the quest for the perfect resume format or interview outfit. They should rather maximize encounters and opportunities. When our coaching about the need to network is met with a glazed look, let's try recommending this book instead. It makes the point that failures, mistakes, rejections, and random encounters can be the seeds of a meaningful career direction. So go forth - speak to your neighbor, thank a former teacher, chat with the person behind you in the grocery line. To Krumboltz and Levin, it's not just whom you know, but what you do about it that will create your luck.

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